منابع مشابه
Themes from variation: probing the commonalities of symbiotic associations.
Research on symbiosis (including antagonistic and mutualistic associations) wrestles, directly or indirectly, with the paradox: why are symbiotic associations so prevalent in the biosphere in the face of ubiquitous immune or antibiotic defenses among organisms? The symposium "Living Together: the Dynamics of Symbiotic Interactions" considered several questions: 1. How do symbiotic species partn...
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An ordinary differential equation x = f (t, x(t)) (ODE) uniquely assigns the time derivative x (t) = d dt x(t) as a function of t and x. A differential inclusion x ∈ F (t, x(t)), (DI) on the other hand, only requires that the derivative x be inside a given set F (t, x) ⊂ R n. Therefore, given an initial condition x(0) = ¯ x, one can usually find several solutions of (DI). f(x) x _ x _ x x F(x) ...
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Ubiquitylation--the conjugation of proteins with a small protein called ubiquitin--touches upon all aspects of eukaryotic biology, and its defective regulation is manifest in diseases that range from developmental abnormalities and autoimmunity to neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. A few years ago, we could only have dreamt of the complex arsenal of enzymes dedicated to ubiquitylation. Why ...
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Let g be a complex semisimple Lie algebra, and let G be a complex semisimple group with trivial center whose root system is dual to that of g. We establish a graded algebra isomorphism H q (Xλ,C) ∼= Sg e/Iλ, where Xλ is an arbitrary spherical Schubert variety in the loop Grassmannian for G, and Iλ is an appropriate ideal in the symmetric algebra of g, the centralizer of a principal nilpotent in...
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Models of traffic flow can be of two main types [1, 8, 11]. 1-Microscopic particle models, describing the position and velocity of each single car. If there are N cars on a road, one thus needs to write a system of N differential equations, one for each car. These ODEs specify how each driver adjusts his velocity depending on the distance and the velocity of the vehicle ahead. 2-Macroscopic mod...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: BioScience
سال: 2007
ISSN: 1525-3244,0006-3568
DOI: 10.1641/b570411